Uropathogenic escherichia coli upec sequencing project. For example, uropathogenic escherichia coli strains, such as cft073, express tollil1 receptorcontaining tircontaining protein c tcpc, which impairs tlr signaling, thereby suppressing innate immunity in the urinary tract and enhancing persistence in the kidneys. Prevalence and characterization of escherichia coli isolated from the. We have completed the genome sequence of the highly virulent upec strain cft073, isolated from the blood of a woman with acute pyelonephritis. What is shiga toxinproducing escherichia coli stec shiga toxinproducing e. They possess diverse virulenceassociated factors vfs that assist them in attaching to, invading, and injuring the host, and include. It most often causes diarrhea in infants in developing countries.
Uropathogenic escherichia coli upec are a heterogeneous group of strains within the broader classification of extraintestinal pathogenic e. Jci binding of uropathogenic escherichia coli r45 to. Escherichia coli strains frequently are isolated from skin and soft tissue infections ssti. They express multiple virulence factors and invade the urinary tract ut. A considerable amount of media coverage has recently been devoted to one particular strain of e.
Uroplakin ia is the urothelial receptor for uropathogenic. A variety of virulence genes are associated with escherichia coli mediated urinary tract infections. Uropathogenic escherichia coli upec strains cause 70 to 90% of communityacquired urinary tract infections utis in an estimated 150 million individuals annually and about 40% of all nosocomial utis. Contaminated drinking water and meat products are the main source of infection. Escherichia coli or li is a type of coliform bacteria commonly found in the intestines of humans and warmblooded animals. Omic approaches to study uropathogenic escherichia coli. Cells are able to survive outside the body for a limited amount of time, which makes them ideal indicator organisms to test environmental samples for fecal contamination. Shigatoxineproducerende li stecinfectie lci richtlijnen. Toxinantitoxin systems are important for nichespecific colonization and stress resistance of uropathogenic escherichia coli j. Uropathogenic escherichia coli upec is a pathogen of major significance to global human health and is strongly associated with rapidly increasing antibiotic resistance. In ascending infections, fecal bacteria colonize the urethra and spread up the urinary tract to the bladder, as well as to the kidneys causing pyelonephritis, or the prostate in males. Basically, the urinary tract comprises the parts of the body responsible for the removal of body waste and excess water, and the maintenance of electrolyte balance in the body. Uropathogenic escherichia coli upec, the most frequent cause of urinary tract infection uti, is associated with an inflammatory response which includes the induction of cytokinechemokine secretion by urothelial cells and neutrophil recruitment to the bladder. The diverse genomes of upec strains mostly impede disease prevention and control measures.
Many pathotypes have been defined for this ubiquitous microorganism. We found 55 escherichia coli and 19 klebsiella pneumoniae strains confirmed uropathogenic following screening for the prevalence of uti virulence genes including fimh, iuta, feoabc, mrkd and foc. Recent studies indicate, however, that upec can evade the early activation of urothelial innate immune response in vitro. Although most types of these bacteria are harmless, several produce toxins that. Escherichia coli is a normal constituent of the intestinal microbiota of humans and animals 9, 10. The bacteria that make these toxins are called shiga toxinproducing e.
The important ones are the adhesins or specialized. Shigatoxine producerende escherichia coli gramnegatieve bacterie. Virulence factors of recognized importance in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection uti include adhesins p fimbriae. The urinary tract is among the most common sites of bacterial infection and e. In the majority of cases, uropathogenic escherichia coli upec might originate from. Highthroughput sequencing has shed light on the diverse genomic organization and distribution of virulence factors in this pathotype. Uropathogenic escherichia coli upec is the main pathogen associated with urinary tract infections namely cystitis, pyleonephritis and infectious complications. Uropathogenic escherichia coli upec is a causative agent in the vast majority of urinary tract infections utis, including cystitis and pyelonephritis, and infectious complications, which may result in acute renal failure in healthy individuals as well as in renal transplant patients. Uropathogenic escherichia coli mediated urinary tract infection.
The pathogenesis of escherichia coli urinary tract infection. Phylogenetic group distributions, virulence factors and. Uropathogenic escherichia coli are more likely than commensal e. Urinary tract infections utis are one of the most common diseases by which humans seek medical help and are caused mainly by uropathogenic escherichia coli upec. In addition, it triggers bacterial invasion as well as host urothelial defense. Uropathogenic escherichia coli upec, the most prevalent organism found in utis, can cause host inflammation via various virulence factors including hemolysin and. The strains were obtained from the institute of microbiology and immunology. Typical and atypical enteropathogenic escherichia coli epec strains differ in several characteristics. Upec expresses a multitude of virulence factors to break the inertia of the mucosal barrier.
Upec is the primary cause of urinary tract infection uti, a disease that involves a complicated pathogenic pathway of extracellular and intracellular lifestyles during interaction with the host. Pathogenesis and evolution of virulence in enteropathogenic and. Role of uropathogenic escherichia coli virulence factors. We have completed the genome sequence of the highly virulent upec strain cft073, isolated. Mulvey division of microbiology and immunology, pathology department, university of utah school of medicine, salt lake city, utah, united states of america abstract. Pdf adhesins of uropathogenic escherichia coli upec. Escherichia coli is a normal inhabitant of the healthy gut, but is also an important and widespread human and animal pathogen. Modulation of host innate immune response in the bladder. Complete genome sequence of uropathogenic escherichia coli. Pdf uropathogenic escherichia coli mediated urinary. Hybrid shiga toxinproducing escherichia coli stec and uropathogenic e. Uropathogenic strains of escherichia coli upec are the most common cause of nonhospitalacquired urinary tract infections, responsible for 7090% of the 7 million cases of acute cystitis and 250,000 cases of pyelonephritis reported annually in the united states. Shiga verotoxin producing escherichia coli isolated from the. Further, uroepithelial cells from women who are nonsecretors show enhanced adherence of uropathogenic e.
Typical and atypical enteropathogenic escherichia coli. A bacterial infection that results from ingesting contaminated food or water and results in watery and sometimes bloody diarrhea. Urinary tract infections utis are among the most common infections in humans, predominantly caused by uropathogenic escherichia coli upec. Studying the virulence and antibiotic resistance of upec with respect to various phylogenetic groups is of utmost importance in developing new therapeutic agents. These bacteria have evolved a multitude of virulence factors and strategies that facilitate bacterial growth and persistence within the adverse settings of the host urinary tract. In this study, we comparatively analyzed the whole genome sequence of a highly virulent upec strain, namely upec 261, which was isolated from. An assay for detection of uropathogenic escherichia coli. We used comparative genomic analysis of 85 temporally and spatially diverse st141 e. Respiratory heterogeneity shapes biofilm formation and.
Uropathogenic strains of escherichia coli are characterized by the expression of distinctive bacterial properties, products, or structures referred to as virulence factors because they help the organism overcome host defenses and colonize or invade the urinary tract. Virulence factors in escherichia coli urinary tract. Virulence factors of uropathogenic escherichia coli upec. Uropathogenic strains are classified as extraintestinal pathogenic e.
They possess diverse virulenceassociated factors vfs that assist them in attaching to, invading, and injuring the host, and include adhesins, toxins, siderophores, protective polysaccharide coatings, invasins, and serum resistanceassociated proteins. Escherichia coli is a facultative anaerobe capable of utilizing multiple metabolic pathways to fulfill its energy requirements. The increased resistance to both synthetic and natural antibiotics causes recurrence and chronicity of infection, with the. Pdf pathogenicity determinants and epidemiology of.
Human urine decreases function and expression of type 1. In ascending infections, fecal bacteria colonize the urethra and spread up the urinary tract to the bladder as well as to the kidneys causing pyelonephritis, 36 or the prostate in males. The binding of uropathogenic escherichia coli to the urothelial surface is a crucial initial event for establishing urinary tract infection because it allows the bacteria to gain a foothold on the urothelial surface, thus preventing them from being removed by micturition. In this report, we analyzed the prevalence of the sat gene in 336 escherichia coli samples collected from stools of children with and without diarrhea in brazil and in 100 uropathogenic e. Human urine decreases function and expression of type 1 pili in uropathogenic escherichia coli sarah e. Some strains, however, can cause severe foodborne disease. Uropathogenic escherichia coli upec strains may carry. Escherichia coli colony morphology and microscopic. Uropathogenic escherichia coli upec is the most common etiological agent responsible for uncomplicated uti 93, 94, 282. Virulence potential of escherichia coli isolates from skin. Strains of e coli, however, obtaining ability to colonize inside the urinary tract and to make themselves safe from the host immune system, become uropathogenic e. Escherichia coli is a major cause of diarrhea and is as well responsible for extraintestinal infections in humans and animals.
Uropathogenic escherichia coli upec strains may carry virulence properties of diarrhoeagenic e. Without diagnosis and treatment, it can cause irreparable effects. One of the most common childhood diseases is urinary tract infection uti. There is no core set of virulence factors shared by all upec. The increased resistance to both synthetic and natural antibiotics causes recurrence and chronicity of infection, with the emergence of new and more serious illnesses.
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